Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.
1. Air near the equator ____ a faster west-to-east motion than air farther from the equator.
(A) to have
(B) it has
(C) has
(D) having
2. About 4000 B.C., humans discovered that ____ obtained from special rocks called ores.
(A) metals could be
(B) the ability of metallic
(C) possibly metallic
(D) could metals be
3. ____ quickly after an animal dies.
(A) In the degradation of DNA
(B) Degrading DNA
(C) DNA degrades
(D) For DNA to degrade
4. ____ aerodynamic design has contributed greatly to reducing resistance to motion.
(A) Improved
(B) It improves
(C) Improvement
(D) They improve
5. The southern part of Florida is much warmer in the winter than the northern part, so more _____ to the south.
(A) flocking tourists
(B) touring flocks
(C) flocks of tourists
(D) tourists flock
6. The Moon’s gravity pulls water on the near side of the Earth toward the Moon, and this is what _____ tides to occur.
(A) the cause
(B) causes
(C) causing
(D) the cause of
7. ____, they pick up fragments of rock which become frozen into the base of the ice.
(A) Glaciers move
(B) Glaciers moving
(C) They were glaciers
(D) As glaciers move
8. The tape measure first evolved from ____ used by the Egyptians.
(A) the chains measure
(B) the chains are measured
(C) the chains are measuring
(D) the measuring chains
9. A typical Atlantic hurricane starts as a low pressure system near _____.
(A) Africa coasts
(B) coast to Africa
(C) the African coast
(D) Africa has a coast
10. It is not clear whether the subdivisions of the neocortex _____ units.
(A) individual
(B) are individual
(C) they are individual
(D) individually
11. Modern humans, who first appeared about 600,000 years ago, _____ Homo sapiens.
(A) calling
(B) were called
(C) they called
(D) they were called
12. The first writing _____ evidence of is on Mesopotamian clay tablets.
(A) we
(B) that we
(C) has
(D) that we have
13. _____ drought-resistant plants which store water in fleshy tissue.
(A) Succulents are
(B) Succulents
(C) They are succulents
(D) Succulents which are
14. Benjamin Kabelsky, whom ____ as Jack Benny, was a famous comedian in vaudeville and on radio and television.
(A) most people’s knowledge
(B) most people know
(C) knowing most people
(D) the knowledge of most people
15. _____ that hunted other animals tended to have very narrow, sharp, curved claws.
(A) For dinosaurs
(B) Dinosaurs are known
(C) Dinosaurs
(D) Like dinosaurs
16. The first eyeglasses had convex lenses for the aged who ____ farsighted.
(A) had become
(B) they had become
(C) becoming
(D) it became
17. Chimney Rock, ____ 500 feet above the North Platte River, has eroded considerably in the last two centuries.
(A) stands
(B) is standing
(C) it stands
(D) which stands
18. _____ that accompany recurring bouts of severe depression reduce bone density.
(A) It changes hormones
(B) Hormonal changes
(C) The hormones change
(D) The change in hormones is
19. Willa Cather is an author _____ for her evocative and memorable vision of frontier prairie life.
(A) whom readers
(B) the praise of readers
(C) whom praisings
(D) whom readers praise
20. Mars’s tiny moon Phobos is a small mountain of rock that _____ from the asteroid belt by Mars’s gravitational pull.
(A) was probably captured
(B) it probably
(C) the probable capture
(D) probably the capture
21. _____ is famous as the home of the U.S. Naval Academy.
(A) Annapolis
(B) Because of Annapolis
(C) Why Annapolis
(D) Because Annapolis
22. Some scientists think _____ be a planet but a moon of Neptune.
(A) that Pluto does not seem.
(B) not Pluto
(C) Pluto that might not
(D) that Pluto might not
23. With _____ of sophisticated oil lamps, elaborate tools were made to cut the wicks.
(A) appeared
(B) the appearance
(C) the appearance was
(D) it appeared
24. Fort Union was the site of what ____ principal fur-trading post on the upper Missouri River.
(A) the
(B) being the
(C) was the
(D) it was the
25. Since _____ commercial risk, it has to appeal to a large audience to justify its cost.
(A) the face of the movie
(B) moving faces
(C) a movie faces
(D) to face a movie
26. A current of water known as the Gulf Stream comes up from the Gulf of Mexico, and then ____ the North Atlantic toward Europe.
(A) it crosses
(B) crossing
(C) with its crosses
(D) crosses it
27. Systems ____ the two symbols 0 and 1 are called binary number systems.
(A) use
(B) they use
(C) uses
(D) using
28. Genes, _____ the blueprints for cell construction, exist in tightly organized packages called chromosomes.
(A) are
(B) they are
(C) which
(D) which are
29. The Earth’s atmosphere consists of gases _____ in place around the Earth by the gravitational pull of the planet.
(A) held
(B) hold
(C) it holds
(D) the hold
30. Oscar Hammerstein II collaborated with a number of composers including Jerome Kern, whom _____ in writing the musical Show Boat.
(A) joined
(B) was joined
(C) he joined
(D) joining
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